This guide explains scoping and technical requirements in the ADA Standards for signs.
Notational tips for users of screen reading software follow. In this document ″ indicates inches and ′ indicates feet. Some images are paired with visually hidden notes. These annotations are prefaced with begin and end image notes.
The Standards require accessible signs that are used to identify certain accessible elements and spaces. Other types of signs, however, including room numbers and room labels, are covered only where they are provided. The Standards address visual and tactile content on signs, where provided.
The following types of signs are exempt and not required to meet visual and tactile requirements:
Signs covered by the Standards must meet specifications for visual requirements so that they are accessible to people with low vision. Several categories of signs also must meet tactile requirements so that they are accessible to people who are blind or have low vision. Tactile requirements primarily apply to signs typically located at doorways because doorways provide a cue for locating signs by touch.
The requirements in this guide apply to certain types of content on signs. There can be multiple types of content provided on a single sign to which different provisions, as described below, may apply. For example, a single sign may provide a room number, which would be required to be visual and tactile, the hours of operation, which is only required to be visual, and the name of the occupant, which does not have to be visual or tactile. Each type of content provided must be evaluated to determine how the content must be made accessible.
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Tactile requirements apply to these types of signs:
Signs that identify permanent rooms and spaces include:
Visual and tactile requirements apply to both interior and exterior signs labeling permanent rooms and spaces. However, exterior signs not located at the door to the space they serve do not have to be tactile but must meet visual requirements (§216.2, Ex. 1).
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Signs that provide direction to or information about interior spaces and facilities must meet visual requirements but are not required to be tactile. Examples of informational signs include instructions, rules of conduct, hours of operation, and similar content. Directional signs include all types of signs that provide direction to spaces and facilities. These requirements apply only where such signs are provided.
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The Standards require certain spaces and elements be identified as accessible by providing signs that include International Symbols of:
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Tactile signs must have raised characters that are repeated in Grade 2 braille. In addition, they are subject to requirements for non-glare finish and color contrast for visual accessibility. Other information provided in addition to permanent room or space labels is not required to be raised or brailled but must meet visual criteria if informational or directional. Some information on such signs may be exempt, such as occupant names.
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The Standards require that tactile and visual signs be provided to identify doors at exit stairways, exit passageways, and exit discharge. Exit passageways are horizontal fire resistance-rated components that lead to exit discharge or public ways. Exit discharge is the path from an exit to a public way.
Exit labels at other locations are not required to be tactile but must meet visual requirements. Life safety and building codes address the visibility and illumination of exit signs, which can also satisfy the visual requirements in the ADA Standards. At exit doors, the tactile requirements typically must be met on a separate sign.
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Begin image notes. Stair A, floor 20. 1 through 25, down to 1st floor, for exit discharge. No roof access. End image notes.
Directional signs, including those for means of egress, required by the applicable life safety code, must comply with the visual requirements for information and directional signs (§703.5). In addition, directions to accessible means of egress required by the International Building Code (IBC) must meet visual criteria (§216.4.3).
Areas of refuge are fire-resistance rated and smoke-protected areas where those persons who are unable to use stairs can register a call for evacuation assistance and await instructions or assistance. Required by the IBC in some buildings, areas of refuge must provide direct access to an exit stairway (or to an elevator equipped with standby power). Signs labeling areas of refuge must be tactile since they designate a permanent space.
unquote in tactile and braille characters next to EMERGENCY PHONE. Additional instructions are only in visual characters. " />
[§407]
The Standards require tactile signs (and, in some cases, symbols) at elevators, including labels for:
For signs at elevators, most of the criteria for raised and braille characters apply, but there are differences. For example, raised characters can be at least 2 inches high on hoistway floor level signs, and tactile content on control panels can be located outside the standard 48 inches – 60 inches mounting height. See Elevators and Platform Lifts Guide for more information.
Criteria for raised characters address: depth, case, style, character height and proportions, stroke thickness, and line and character spacing.
Character spacing, as measured between the two closest points of adjacent characters excluding word spaces, is specified for rectangular and non-rectangular cross sections.
Begin image notes.
Distance between rectangular raised characters is one-eighth inch to four times stroke width.
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Begin image notes.
Distance between top of beveled raised characters is one-eighth inch to four times stroke width.
Distance between bottom of beveled raised characters is one-sixteenth inch to four times stroke width.
End image notes.
The stroke thickness of the uppercase letter “I” must be 15% maximum of the character height. Characters must be selected from fonts where the width of the uppercase letter “O” is 55% to 110% of the height of the uppercase letter “I.” Raised character height must be from 1/2 inch minimum to 2 inches maximum. Where raised characters also serve as visual characters, the minimum height is 5/8 inch.
Begin image notes.
Character height dimensioned as half inch to two inches.
Character stroke width dimensioned to max 15% of height.
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Begin image notes.
Dimention above: max character width 110% of height.
Dimention below: character width 55% of height.
End image notes.
Recommendation: Where visual and tactile access is provided on the same sign, provide a stroke thickness no less than 10% of the height based on the uppercase letter “I” so that raised characters are sufficiently legible.
When a single set of characters is used to meet requirements for raised and visual characters, the characters and their background must have a non-glare finish. Characters must contrast with their background with either light-on-dark or dark-on-light. A minimum level of color contrast is not specified, but the higher the contrast, the better, especially for people with low vision.&nsbp; Finish and contrast requirements do not apply to braille.
The content of raised characters also must be provided in contracted or “Grade 2” braille. This type of braille uses the same characters as standard braille but also includes characters to represent common words and letter combinations. Braille is read with a light sweeping touch, and braille dots must be domed or rounded. The Standards specify the height and diameter of dots and their spacing within and between cells.
The braille capital symbol precedes each capitalized word; the symbol is repeated to indicate all caps. To ease reading, capitalization in braille is limited to the first word of sentences, proper nouns or names, individual letters, initials, and acronyms (but all raised characters must be uppercase).
Begin image notes.
Label at top: all dot spacing measured center-to-center.
dot height: 0.025″ – 0.037″
Dimentions lines show: dot spacing between adjacent cells: 0.241″ – 0.300″
dot spacing within cell: 0.090″ – 0.100″
spacing between baseline of cells in separate lines: 0.395″ – 0.4″
dot diameter: 0.059″ – 0.063″
Lables at bottom for blank cell space, and braille cell.
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[§703.6]
Begin image notes.
6″ min height of pictogram field.
Raised characters and braille not in pictogram field.
End image notes.
The Standards do not mandate the provision of pictograms other than the symbols of accessibility, which are informational pictograms. Where other pictograms are included on a sign to designate a permanent room or space, text descriptors in raised and braille characters are required directly below the pictogram field. The pictogram is not required to be raised. The pictogram field must be at least 6 inches high. (This applies to the field, not the pictogram itself.) The pictograms and fields must have a non-glare finish and a light-on-dark or dark-on-light contrast.
Note that these requirements apply to those pictograms that label a permanent room or space, such as a restroom, cafeteria, or stairway.
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Pictograms that provide information about a room or space or that are on directional signs, including accessibility symbols, are not required to provide tactile text descriptors or to be located on a field at least 6 inches high. Note, however, that specified accessibility symbols must meet finish and contrast criteria, which is discussed in more detail below. Examples of these types of pictograms include the International Symbol of Accessibility, the International Symbol of TTY directional sign, a pictogram indicating a no cellphone use area, and the biohazard symbol.
Raised characters and braille on signs must be located 48 inches minimum above the finish floor or ground surface, measured from the baseline of the lowest tactile character, and 60 inches maximum above the finish floor or ground surface, measured from the baseline of the highest tactile character. This location is convenient for tactile reading.
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Dimensions: 48″ min height to braille baseline.
60″ max height to text baseline.
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A clear floor space 18 inches minimum by 18 inches minimum must be centered on the tactile characters. This placement of the clear floor space provides unobstructed standing space at the sign for reading by touch. This space must be free of any protrusions to a height of 80 inches. For safety, the space must be located beyond the arc of any door swing to a 45° open position. This effectively sets a minimum, but not an absolute, distance of tactile signs from out-swinging doors. While the clear floor space must be centered on the tactile characters, signs can be located varying distances beyond the door swing.
At single doors, tactile signs must be located alongside the door on the latch side. They are permitted on the push side of doors equipped with closers that do not have devices to keep them open.
If there is no wall space on the latch side, signs must be located on the nearest adjacent wall.
For double-leaf doors with one active leaf, the sign must be located on the inactive leaf. If each door has an active leaf, the sign must be located to the right of the door.
Specifications for visual characters cover finish and contrast, case, style, character proportion and height, stroke thickness, and line and character spacing.
Begin image notes.
Upper or lowercase characters (or combination of both), conventional form (prohibited: italic, oblique, script, highly decorative or other unusual forms).
Line spacing: 135% – 170% of character height.
Characters 40” min. above finish floor or ground.
Character height (based on viewing distance).
Non-glare finish.
Light-on-dark or dark-on-light contrast between characters and the background.
End image notes.
Characters must contrast with their background with either light-on-dark or dark-on-light and have a non-glare finish. A minimum level of contrast is not specified in the Standards. The higher the contrast, the better for legibility, particularly for people with low vision. Variated or textured backgrounds can reduce contrast and compromise readability.
The stroke thickness of the uppercase letter “I” must be from 10% to 30% of the character height. Characters must be selected from fonts where the width of the uppercase letter “O” is 55% to 110% of the height of the uppercase letter “I.”
Begin image notes.
min (stroke width) 10% of (character) height
max (stroke width) 30% of (character) height
End image notes.
Begin image notes.
max (character width) 110% of (character) height
min (character width) 55% of (character) height
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Character spacing, as measured between the two closest points of adjacent characters excluding word spaces, must be 10% to 35% of the character height.
Begin image notes.
Distance between characters is 10% to 35% of character height
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The minimum height of characters is based on their height above the finish floor and the horizontal viewing distance. Horizontal viewing distance is the distance between the character and an obstruction preventing further approach to the sign.
Begin image notes.
Horizontal Viewing Distance between the character and an obstruction preventing further approach to the sign.
Height from finish floor/ground to character baseline (40″ min.).
End image notes.
| Height | Viewing Distance | Min. Character Height |
|---|---|---|
| 40″ – 70″ | under 6′ | 5/8″ |
| 6′ or more | 5/8″ + 1/8″ per foot of viewing distance above 6’ | |
| above 70″ to 10′ | under 15′ | 2″ |
| 15′ or more | 2″ + 1/8″ per foot of viewing distance above 15′ | |
| above 10′ | under 21′ | 3″ |
| 21′ or more | 3″ + 1/8″ per foot of viewing distance above 21′ |
Signs above circulation paths must provide the required 80 inches minimum headroom clearance (§307.4).
Signs and other objects mounted on posts or pylons that have leading edges of 27 inches to 80 inches high cannot protrude more than 12 inches into circulation paths. The 12-inch limit also applies to the clearance between multiple posts, excluding the sloping portions of handrails.
Begin image notes.
27 inch to 80 inch height to bottom of sign.
12 inch maximum from post mount to sign edge.
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Begin image notes.
27 inch – 80 inch height to bottom of sign
12 inch maximum from post mount to sign edge
12 inch maximum between posts
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Post-mounted signs with leading edges 27 inches maximum or above 80 inches can protrude any amount from posts or pylons.
Begin image notes.
27″ max height to bottom of sign
any distance between posts
any distance from post to sign edge
end image notes.
Begin image notes.
80″ min height to bottom of sign
any distance between posts
any distance from post to sign edge
End image notes.
The requirements for signs apply fully to all types of transportation facilities subject to the Standards. The Standards also include some exceptions or requirements specific to signs at bus stops and rail stations.
[§810.4]
Signs that identify bus routes must comply with requirements for visual characters (§703.5), except those for the minimum location height (40 inches) and line spacing. Additionally, because the size of these signs is often limited, compliance with the minimum character height is required to the maximum extent feasible. Signs providing bus schedules, timetables, or maps are exempt from the sign requirements.
If signs are provided to identify the rail stations or station entrances, a tactile sign (§703.2) providing this information is required at each entrance. The tactile signs must be placed in uniform locations to the maximum extent feasible. If a station lacks a defined entrance, at least one tactile sign must be provided in a central location. In other facilities, exterior signs not located at the entrance or door they serve are not required to be tactile.
In addition, at least one tactile station identification sign is required on each platform or boarding area. Requirements for visual characters apply to signs at boarding areas, platforms, or mezzanines that list stations, routes, and destinations served by the station, excluding route maps. These types of signs must be uniformly located within the transit system to the maximum extent feasible. Visual characters are not required to exceed 3 inches where sign space is limited.
The Standards also require the provision of signs labelling stations that meet the visual requirements (§703.5). These signs must be clearly visible from within vehicles on both sides (when not obstructed by another vehicle) and within passenger sight lines.
Audible or “talking” sign systems and technologies that use infrared or other means to transmit information otherwise provided on signs may provide greater accessibility in the transit environments than tactile signs. They also can include wayfinding information not included on posted signs. The Standards generally recognize these technologies and permit them as an alternative to the tactile and visual requirements for entrance signs and platform or boarding area signs (§810.6).
The Standards address access to amusement rides and include requirements for signs. Some amusement rides may accommodate wheeled mobility aids while others require transfer to a seat. The Standards require signs at entries to queues and waiting lines to identify the type of access provided by a ride. Signs indicating the location of the accessible load and unload areas must be provided at entries to queues and waiting lines.
Symbols required by the Standards to label accessible features and spaces must:
The Standards do not specify particular colors, a minimum color contrast level, nor the size of these symbols. Written content is not required or addressed, except in the case of van accessible parking signs, but can be included.
The Standards reference the International Symbol of Accessibility (ISA), a long-standing global icon adopted by the International Organization for Standardization which represents over 160 national standard-setting entities and develops voluntary, consensus-based international standards. Uniform iconography promotes legibility, especially for people with low vision or cognitive disabilities. In addition, various codes and standards in the U.S., including the International Building Code (IBC), also require use of the ISA.
The ISA must be used to label, or provide direction to, these elements and spaces (unless all are accessible):
Where the ADA Standards require accessible spaces or elements to be identified by the ISA (or the other designated international symbols), the ISA must be used even if a state or local code or regulation specifies a different symbol. Use of a symbol other than the ISA is permitted under the ADA Standards if it satisfies the equivalent facilitation provision (§103). This provision allows alternatives to prescribed requirements only if they result in “substantially equivalent or greater accessibility and usability.” The burden of proof in demonstrating equivalent facilitation rests with the covered entity in the event of a legal challenge. Accessibility labels not required by the Standards, such as surface decals at parking spaces, are not required to comply or conform to the ISA.
The Access Board provides more information in its Guidance on the International Symbol of Accessibility.
If a facility has inaccessible entrances, the ISA must identify compliant entrances. At inaccessible entrances, directional signs meeting the visual requirements (§703.5) must be provided to indicate the nearest compliant entrance. If all entrances are accessible, these labels and directional signs are not required.
different entrances of building. Wider straight path leads to stairs beyond ISA sign, which has arrow pointing right towards entrance with ramp." />
Recommendation: While the Standards do not specify the location of directional signs at inaccessible entrances, they should be placed to prevent or minimize back-tracking.
Where all toilet rooms and bathing rooms are accessible, which is often the case in new construction, designation by the ISA is not required. However, in areas where not all toilet or bathing rooms are accessible, then the ISA is required. For example, at clustered portable toilets (where at least 5% must comply) and clustered single user toilet rooms of the same type (where at least 50% must comply), the ISA must be used to identify those units and rooms that are accessible.
In alterations to existing facilities where existing toilet or bathing rooms do not comply, the ISA must be provided to:
Begin image notes.
Pictogram field dimensioned as: 6″ min
End image notes.
The ISA must meet finish and contrast criteria but not requirements for the field height or text description.
Pictograms that identify restrooms and other permanent rooms or spaces (where provided) must be on a field at least 6″ high, meet finish and contrast criteria, and have tactile text descriptors below the field.
Compliant check-out aisles must be labelled by the ISA unless all aisles serving the same function are accessible. The sign indicating accessibility must be in the same location as any other signs that identify check-out aisles by number, letter, or function.
If a facility has existing elevators that do not meet the Standards, compliant elevators must be labelled by the ISA.
Begin image notes.
60″ minimum dimensioned height from ground to bottom of sign.
At bottom is super-imposed ISA sign reading: Van Accessible.
End image notes.
Accessible parking spaces must be identified by signs with the ISA. The bottom edge of each sign must be at least 60 inches high measured from the ground surface so that they are visible while vehicles are parked in a space. These signs can be on posts, walls, or suspended from ceilings. ISA designations on the parking surface, even if required by a state or local government, cannot substitute for above-ground signs. State or local codes and regulations may address other sign characteristics, including size, color, and additional content, such as “reserved” or violation fines, but the ADA Standards do not require such characteristics.
Signs identifying van spaces must include the term “van accessible.” This designation is informative and not restrictive in identifying spaces suitable for vans since such spaces are not limited to only vans. It can be included on the main designation sign or provided on a separate sign.
Parking facilities are subject only to provisions for parking space signs (§216.5) and means of egress (§216.4). No other sign requirements apply.
If a total of 4 or fewer (inaccessible and accessible) parking spaces is provided on a site, the required accessible space must comply but does not have to be identified by a sign (i.e., reserved exclusively for use by people with disabilities).
At residential facilities, identification of accessible spaces is not required where spaces are assigned to specific dwelling units.
Some public payphones, where provided, must be equipped with TTYs to provide communication access for people with hearing or speech impairments. The International Symbol of TTY must be used to identify TTY-equipped phones. Directional signs indicating the location of the nearest TTY must be provided at phonebanks without TTYs. Additionally, where directional signs to public pay phones are provided, signs must also be provided to public TTYs. These directional signs must include the International Symbol of TTY and meet visual criteria in the Standards.
Signs with the International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss and compliant with the visual criteria are required to indicate the availability of assistive listening systems in assembly areas. These systems enhance sound signals for people who are hard of hearing and must be provided in assembly areas equipped with audio amplification and in courtrooms. Signs can be provided at each assembly area or each ticket office or window. Verbiage on signs is not specified, but it is helpful to indicate where assistive listening devices can be acquired.
Requirements for fare machines and ATMs address display screens (§707.7) and require:
Electronic signs that stream or scroll content, also known as variable message signs (VMS), pose unique accessibility considerations. New “talking sign” technologies, such as remote infrared audible sign (RIAS) systems, provide additional means of making sign content accessible. The ADA Standards do not address these technologies. However, recent editions of the ICC A117.1 accessibility standard, which is referenced by the IBC, provide specifications on VMS and RIAS (§703.7 and §703.8 in the 2009 and 2017 editions).
| Sign | Tactile (§703.2 - 703.4) | Visual (§703.5) | Pictogram §703.6 | Symbols of Accessibility §703.7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| * if tactile and visual characters provided separately, visual characters must fully meet 703.5 | ||||
| Permanent room or space designations | ✓ | ✓ (703.5.1)* | ✓ (if provided) | |
| Doors at exit stairways / passageways / discharge | ✓ | ✓ (703.5.1)* | ✓ (if provided) | |
| Informational and directional signs | ✓ | |||
| Required access symbols | ✓ | |||
| Visual Characters | Raised Characters | |
|---|---|---|
| † 1/2” min. if visual characters provided on separate sign ‡ 1/16” min. measured at base of characters with non-rectangular cross sections | ||
| Finish | non-glare | |
| Contrast | light-on-dark or dark-on-light | |
| Depth | N/A | 1/32″ min |
| Case | upper, lower, or both | upper only |
| Style | conventional | sans serif |
| Prohibited Forms | italic, oblique, script, highly decorative, or unusual | italic, oblique, script, highly decorative, or unusual |
| Character Height | based on height above floor and viewing distance | 5/8″ – 2″ † |
| Character Proportion | “O” 55%-110% of “I” height | “O” 55%-110% of “I” height |
| Character Spacing | 10%-35% of the character height | 1/8” – 4x stroke width ‡ |
| Stroke Thickness | 10%-30% of “I” height | 15% max. of “I” height |
| Line Spacing | 135%-170% of character height | 135%-170% of character height |
| Height above finish floor or ground | 40″ min. | 48″ – 60″ |
| Accompanied by Grade II Braille | N/A | Yes |
No, the ADA Standards do not require signs labeling rooms and spaces. However, if such signs are provided, they must comply with the requirements. The Standards do require some facilities and spaces, such as toilet rooms and bathing rooms, to be identified by the ISA, unless all are accessible. The Standards also specify that certain exit doors be labelled as exits.
No, building names and addresses are not required to comply. Signs identifying suite, room, or dwelling unit numbers are required to comply.
In general, signs provided in areas not used by the public are required to comply. In detention and correctional facilities, signs not located in public use areas are not required to comply.
If a sign repeats information in other languages, only the English content must comply with these requirements. If a sign is only written in a language other than English, that sign must comply to the maximum extent feasible. The Standards do not address requirements for character sets or braille for languages other than English.
Yes, tactile characters and visual characters can be provided on separate signs (or separately on the same sign). Visual characters provided separately must comply with all applicable criteria (§703.5). Tactile characters on signs where compliant visual characters are also provided must comply with all applicable requirements for raised and braille characters, but they are exempt from finish and contrast requirements and are permitted smaller cap heights (1/2 inch instead of 5/8 inch minimum).
No, redundant signs provided in addition to compliant signs are not required to meet the Standards.
Signs identifying permanent rooms and spaces pertain to designations, labels, or names for rooms and spaces that are unlikely to change over time or without significant alteration. Examples include signs labeling restrooms, break rooms, mechanical rooms and other spaces, room and floor numbers or letters, and room names. These types of signs also include exterior signs labelling permanent rooms and spaces, such as motel rooms and park restrooms. However, exterior signs not located at the door to the spaces they serve do not have to be tactile.
Secondary room numbers or designations intended for maintenance or custodial staff that are provided in addition to general room numbers or names are not required to be tactile, but they must meet criteria for visual characters (§703.5). Tactile requirements apply to names or numbers that serve as the main or only designation of a room or space.
No, tactile labels are required only at doors at exit stairways, exit passageways, and exit discharge. Exit passageways are horizontal fire-resistance-rated components that lead to exit discharge or public ways. Exit discharge is the path from an exit to a public way, such as a sidewalk. Exit labels at other locations, including those required by life safety and building codes, must meet visual requirements in the Standards, but not those for tactile characters.
To be visually accessible, raised characters only have to meet requirements for finish and contrast (§703.5.1). However, visual characters provided separately from raised characters must fully meet all applicable provisions for visual characters (§703.5).
Tactile signs can be placed only on the push side of those doors that are equipped with closers and do not have a hold-open device.
“Hold-open devices” pertains to devices that are fixed to doors and/or walls to keep the door in an open position. Examples include door stops mounted to doors, wall-mounted hooks, or similar hardware and magnetic products that keep doors in an open position. Non-fixed devices, such as moveable door stops, do not constitute “hold-open devices.”
The Standards do not specify the location of tactile signs at doorways without doors. Tactile signs at doorways without doors should be located close to the doorway so that they are easy to locate by touch. In addition, the location should be consistent within a facility. It is advisable to treat doorways without doors in the same way as doors with two active leaves, which also do not have a latch side for reference. Where a door has two active leaves, the sign must be located to the right of the doorway or, if wall space is insufficient at this location, on the nearest adjacent wall.
Tactile signs may be mounted next to, or on, vision panels and sidelights located on the latch side of the door so long as the required 18” by 18” minimum clear floor space centered on the tactile characters is provided and is located outside the swing of the door open 45 degrees. Signs also can be mounted on the push side doors with closers that do not have hold-open devices. If a door is located in a glass partition, then the sign must be mounted on the glass partition, except where it is permitted to be on the door.
Yes, the Braille Authority of North America (BANA) made Unified English Braille (UEB) the official braille of the U.S in 2016. UEB is contracted (Grade 2) braille, although it has some differences from the previous English Braille American Edition. For purposes of the ADA Standards, UEB is acceptable as Grade 2 braille.
The first word of sentences, proper nouns and names, individual letters of the alphabet, initials, and acronyms are the only items that are to be capitalized on braille signs. No other items are to be capitalized on braille signs, regardless of what may be capitalized on equivalent printed signs.
The clear floor space required at tactile signs can be offset from the wall or sign surface to accommodate limited protrusions, such as base molding. Other elements or protrusions that would offset this clear floor space more significantly are not allowed because they may impede a person’s ability to read signs tactilely.
Braille must be located below the corresponding text; if the text is multi-lined, then braille must be located below the entire text. If there are multiple blocks of text on a sign, then braille should be placed below logical blocks of raised characters and not necessarily below all the raised characters.
No, the Standards do not specify any colors for signs. The Standards only require that characters contrast from their background either light-on-dark or dark-on-light.
Color contrast is based on a color’s light reflectance value (LFV), which measures the amount of a light a color reflects or absorbs. It is typically measured using a spectrophotometer. Measuring LFV accurately in the field can be difficult and is impacted by a variety of factors, including sign materials and lighting conditions.
The horizontal viewing distance is the distance from the sign to a fixed obstruction that prevents a closer approach to the sign.
The Standards require that the sign include the ISA but do not specify or require other content. Directional signs can be as simple as the ISA and a directional arrow, but additional content may be helpful.
Directional signs, including those required to indicate the location of accessible entrances and other accessible features and spaces, must comply with requirements for visual signs and be located at least 40 inches above the ground or floor. Redundant signs can be located on the floor or ground or in other non-compliant locations.
The Standards do not prohibit arrangement of characters vertically, but this design is not recommended. If visual or raised characters are arranged vertically, they must meet all requirements, including height and line spacing. Braille characters must not be arranged vertically because it would be difficult to decipher some braille words if the braille contractions are stacked instead of arranged horizontally.
No, the Standards do not address illumination levels at or of signs. Life safety and building codes address the visibility and illumination of exit signs.
The Standards require use of the ISA to label or provide direction to certain accessible spaces and elements, including entrances, toilet and bathing facilities, and check-out aisles (unless all are accessible). A symbol other than the specified ISA will not comply with the Standards unless it satisfies the “equivalent facilitation” provision (§103). This provision allows alternatives to prescribed requirements if they result in “substantially equivalent or greater accessibility and usability.” The burden of proof in demonstrating equivalent facilitation rests with the covered entity in the event of a legal challenge. Under DOT’s ADA Standards, certain entities responsible for transportation facilities and systems, as well as manufacturers of products and vehicles used in transportation systems, can request a determination of equivalent facilitation from DOT as outlined in its ADA regulations (§37.7 and §37.9). This applies only where use of the ISA is required by the Standards. On other signs not mandated by the Standards, compliance with the specified ISA is not required.
No, the specified ISA does not include a border around the image.
No, pictograms are not required to be raised. Pictograms that label permanent rooms and spaces must include text descriptors in raised and braille characters below the pictogram field, which must be at least 6 inches high. In addition, pictograms must meet finish and contrast requirements.
No, the specifications for field height and text descriptors apply only to those pictograms that label a permanent room or space, where provided. Examples include pictograms designating restrooms, stairways, cafeterias, and other permanent rooms and spaces. Pictograms that provide information about a room or space, including the ISA, or that are included on directional signs, are not required to meet these requirements (but mandated accessibility symbols must meet finish and contrast criteria).
The Standards require parking spaces to be identified by the ISA, but they do not specifically require one sign for each space. Under the Standards, it may be possible to label multiple spaces with a sign so long as it is clear which spaces are designated as accessible.
The Standards do not address variable message signs or electric signs. However, the ICC A117.1 Standard for Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, which is referenced by the International Building Code, provides technical specifications for variable message signs (§703.7). The A117.1 Standard also covers remote infrared audible sign systems (§703.8).
